Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Neurodevelopmental Disorders:

Most of the psychological disorders are diagnosed in adulthood although they sometimes occurred in childhood but the psychological disorders that can be diagnosed in early childhood usually before child reaches the school going age are called neurodevelopmental disorders. These psychological disorders involved developmental problems in personal, academic social and intellectual functioning.

Neurodevelopment disorder is a cluster of situations through onset during period of developmental. The Neurodevelopmental Disorders are usually display in the  early  developmental period, generally prior to  the child entrance to grade school, and are described through  deficits in developmental period which creates  impairments of , social, academic,occupational or personal  functioning. The array of deficits in development diverges from very precise restrictions of learning and maybe control of executive functions to universal impairments of intelligence or social skills.  Some of the disorders with  clinical presentation contain the symptoms of deficits as well as excess  or  delays in attaining predicted milestones. For instance, the ASD autism spectrum disorder is diagnosed merely while the characteristic of deficit in social communication are go with extremely restricted interests, persistence on sameness and repetitive behaviors.

Intellectual Disability:

 Intellectual Developmental Disorder or Intellectual disability  is described by deficiency in usual  mental abilities, for example  problem solving, reasoning,  abstract thinking, planning, , academic learning, learning through experiences and judgment. The deficiency consequences in impairments in adaptive functioning, for example like the person unables to maintain the standards of  responsibility of  social life or personal independence in 1 or more parts of daily life, containing social participation,communication,occupational or academic functioning in community or at home settings.

Communication Disorder:

The communication disorder contains speech sound disorder, childhood-onset fluency disorder (stuttering), social (pragmatic) communication disorder, and language disorder. The foremost three disorders are described through deficits in the use and development of  speech, social communication and language, respectively. Childhood-onset fluency disorder is characterized by disturbances of the normal fluency and motor production of speech, including repetitive sounds or syllables, prolongation of consonants or  blocking, broken words, vowel sounds or  words may be produced along with an excessive physical tension. 

Autism Spectrum Disorder:

Autism spectrum disorder is characterized by persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction across multiple contexts, including deficits in social reciprocity, nonverbal communicative behaviors utilized for social communication, skills in developing, maintaining, and understanding relationships. Autism spectrum disorder an be assessed through  the presence of repetitive and  restricted patterns of  interests, activities or behavior. Because symptoms change with development and may be masked by compensatory mechanisms, the diagnostic criteria must be supported by historical information, even though the present appearance necessarily cause significant impairment.

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity disorder: ADHD is psychological disorder in which the range of developmental deficits varies from very specific limitations of learning or control of executive functions to global impairments of social skills or intelligence. ADHD is a psychological disorder in which a child shows a constant pattern of inattention and/or hyperactive and impulsive behavior that interferes with normal functioning.

ADHD occurs in about 5% of children. In comparison to girls boys have 3times more chances to develop this psychological disorder. 

Disorganization and Inattention: Involve failure to continue the task, losing materials, seeming not to listen, at levels they are contradictory with developmental level or age. Hyperactivity-impulsivity involves fidgeting, intruding into other people's activities, inability to stay seated, overactivity, and incapability to wait.

Hyperactivity: leads to intemperate motor activity (like  a child is running about) while it was not suitable, or intemperate talkativeness, fidgeting or tapping . For the adults, hyperactivity can be obvious as disturbing others out during their work or severe restlessness. 

Impulsivity: leads to quick actions that may appear in a moment without forethought and that have high capacity to harm  the other people. Impulsivity can show a desire for sudden rewards or an incapacity of delay in gratification.

The Neurodevelopmental Motor Disorders:

These Disorders include developmental coordination disorder, stereotypic movement disorder, and tic disorders. Developmental coordination disorder is described through defciencies in the  execution and acquisition of coordinated motor skills and is described through slowness and clumsiness  or imperfection in the performance of motor skills which may limit daily activities. When an individual has repetitive or stereotypic movement  like seemingly driven and motor behaviors, like  body rocking, head banging, self biting, or hand flapping. The movements interfere with social, academic, or other activities.

Specific learning disorder:

Specific learning disorder is diagnosed when there are special deficits in a person's capacity to firstly perceive and then process information  accurately and efficiently. The neurodevelopmental disorder initially appears  during the periods of formal schooling and is characterized by persistent and impairing difficulties with learning foundational academic skills in reading, writing, and/or math. The person with  the affected academic skills show below the average for the age, or acceptable levels of performance are gained merely through unusual effort.

Treatment: For the treatment of the psychological disorder like ADHD behaviour therapy also as behaviour modification techniques can be used.

The combination of behaviour therapy and stimulants medication show beneficial results.